🔍 Key Concepts

• Hydraulic system reliability and what typically causes wear or failure over time • Difference between problems caused by the fluid itself vs. problems caused by mechanical parts • How contamination interacts with other stress factors to damage pumps, valves, and actuators

💭 Think About

• Think about what usually damages hydraulic pumps and valves besides dirty fluid: is it something that gradually wears out parts, or something that occasionally hits them very hard? • Which option most logically goes hand‑in‑hand with contamination as a common cause of failure, not a rare or secondary effect? • Consider how each choice (friction, turbulence, misalignment, pressure surges) would actually show up in a real hydraulic system on board a vessel.

✅ Before You Answer

• Focus on common causes of failure, not just any possible cause • Ask yourself which option would most likely lead to cracked lines, blown seals, or damaged components when combined with contamination • Eliminate any choice that sounds more like a normal condition of flowing fluid than an abnormal damaging condition