🔍 Key Concepts

• Ship handling in ice and how trim affects hull strength and propeller protection • The meaning of even keel, trimmed by the head, and drag in terms of draft forward vs aft • Risk to rudder, propeller, and shell plating when moving through pack ice

💭 Think About

• Think about which end of the ship is most likely to strike solid ice first in pack ice and how you want the hull shaped/depth there. • Which trim condition keeps the most vulnerable underwater parts (like the propeller and rudder) safest from ice contact? • How would raising or lowering the bow or stern change the way the ship rides up on or pushes through ice?

✅ Before You Answer

• Clarify which choice places the propeller and rudder deeper and more protected from ice contact. • Identify which option helps the bow ride up on ice rather than punch directly through it. • Eliminate any trim condition that would make the stern and propeller more exposed to ice damage.