🔍 Key Concepts

• Conservation of energy in a closed hydraulic system • How friction and pressure losses in fluid flow are converted to another form of energy • Where waste heat from machinery and systems typically ends up

💭 Think About

• When hydraulic components (pumps, valves, lines) are inefficient, what form does the lost mechanical energy usually take? • Think about touching hydraulic equipment after it has been running for a while—what physical change do you notice? • In a shipboard system, can energy disappear, or must it be transferred to something else? If so, to what and how?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the difference between where the energy is lost (as friction, turbulence, restriction) and where that lost energy finally goes. • Consider which option describes the final destination of the energy, not just an intermediate effect inside the system. • Ask yourself which choice matches what happens to most forms of engineered energy losses: they typically become what form and are released to where?