🔍 Key Concepts

• Dunnage and what it physically does for cargo (separation, cushioning, ventilation, keeping cargo off steel decks/shell plating) • Difference between moisture coming from the ship/hold versus problems that come from the nature of the cargo itself (inherent vice, hygroscopic cargo) • What ship’s sweat means compared to cargo sweat or tainting

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: Which option describes a danger that comes from the ship or hold environment that can be reduced by putting wood, paper, or mats between the cargo and the ship’s structure? • Which of these problems would still happen even if you added dunnage, because it comes from the cargo’s own nature or from odors/vapors, not from contact with steel or condensation? • Think about condensation forming on cold ship’s sides or deck and dripping—what is that called, and how does raising cargo off the steel help?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on the definition of inherent vice (a defect or tendency within the cargo itself). • Review what tainting means (odor/flavor contamination from nearby cargo or vapors). • Distinguish hygroscopic absorption (cargo absorbing moisture from the air) from water or condensation physically contacting the cargo surfaces.