🔍 Key Concepts

• Rule 12 – Sailing Vessels in the Navigation Rules (COLREGS/Inland) • Meaning of windward and leeward vessels when both are under sail • How the rule changes when vessels have wind on opposite sides vs the same side

💭 Think About

• First decide which vessel is on port tack and which is on starboard tack in each choice – who normally keeps clear in that situation under Rule 12? • For the case where both vessels have the wind on the same side, ask: which one is considered windward, and which is leeward, and which of those must keep clear under the Rules? • Look at how each option treats a vessel with the wind abaft the beam (from behind) versus forward of the beam (from ahead/side). Does Rule 12 actually distinguish give-way status based on that, or mainly on tack and windward/leeward?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify from Rule 12 whether the port‑tack vessel or the starboard‑tack vessel is required to keep out of the way when the wind is on opposite sides. • Verify from Rule 12 whether the windward or leeward vessel is required to keep out of the way when both have the wind on the same side. • Check which option (if any) exactly matches the wording and logic of Rule 12; be careful, one option reverses the correct windward/leeward responsibility.