🔍 Key Concepts

• Rule 12 – Sailing Vessels (who keeps out of the way when wind is on different sides or the same side) • Definitions of windward and leeward side for sailing vessels in the Navigation Rules • General idea of a stand-on vessel (must keep course and speed) vs give-way vessel (must maneuver)

💭 Think About

• First decide: in each choice, is the sailing vessel on port tack acting as stand-on or give-way according to Rule 12? • Compare the situations where two sailing vessels meet: what matters more – windward/leeward position, or which side the wind is on? • Ask yourself: in which options does the port‑tack sailing vessel clearly have the right of way, and therefore must keep her course and speed?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify from Rule 12 which sailing vessel is stand-on when the wind is on opposite sides (port vs starboard). • Verify from Rule 12 which sailing vessel is stand-on when both have wind on the same side (who is windward vs leeward). • Check whether a vessel being overtaken or crossing a fishing vessel would normally be stand-on or give-way under the Rules.