🔍 Key Concepts

• Position fixing by bearings and range on a chart (using two bearings and one radar range) • How to relate your plotted fix to nearby dangers (dumping grounds, ledges, shoals) and charted soundings • Difference between speed through the water (from RPM) and speed over the ground (from fixes and set/drift)

💭 Think About

• Plot the two pgc bearings to Branford Reef Light and Falkner Island Light, plus the 3.0‑mile range to Branford Reef Light, and mark the 1038 fix. What charted feature is closest to that position? • Compare your 1038 fix with your earlier 1022 fix: what distance and time separate them, and what speed over the ground does that give? How does that compare to the speed you would expect from your engine RPM? • Look at the depth contours and soundings at your 1038 fix. About what depth is shown there, and are you actually on or near a dumping ground or a particular ledge at that point in time?

✅ Before You Answer

• Confirm that you are using parallel rulers or a protractor correctly to transfer the 019° pgc and 075° pgc bearings onto the chart. • Verify the exact charted depth at the fix (in feet or fathoms as printed) rather than guessing from nearby soundings. • Check whether the line from your 1022 fix to your 1038 fix matches, is greater than, or is less than the expected run based on ordered speed and course.