🔍 Key Concepts

• Review how power factor (PF) indicates the phase relationship between voltage and current (leading vs lagging). • Consider what kW, kVA, and kVAR each represent for a single‑phase load (real, apparent, and reactive power). • Think about the meaning of leading vs lagging reactive power in terms of whether the load is inductive or capacitive.

💭 Think About

• Look closely at figure D: what does the PF value tell you about whether the current is in phase, leading, or lagging the voltage? • Is there any reactive power (kVAR) indicated, and is it labeled as lagging or leading? What type of component typically causes each? • If both real power (kW) and reactive power (kVAR) are present, does that suggest a purely reactive load, a purely resistive load, or a combination load? Why?

✅ Before You Answer

• Check whether the power factor equals 1.0 or is less than 1.0, and what that implies about the presence of reactance. • Verify if the kVAR reading is non‑zero and whether it is labeled LAG or LEAD on the meter display. • Confirm that the meter is showing both kW and kVAR; relate this combination to whether the load must include resistance, inductance, or capacitance.