🔍 Key Concepts

• Hogging and sagging stresses along a ship’s length • How concentrated weights affect the bending of a vessel’s hull girder • Relationship between where cargo is loaded and which part of the hull is in tension vs compression

💭 Think About

• Picture the ship as a beam: if you put most of the weight in the middle, which part (bottom or deck) stretches, and which part is squeezed? • Now move that major weight to the ends instead of the middle. How does the shape of the “bending beam” change, and which side (bottom or deck) is now in tension? • Think about whether the vessel is bending like a smile (sagging) or a frown (hogging), and which side of the ‘curve’ is being pulled apart.

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear which condition puts the keel (bottom) in tension and the deck in compression • Distinguish between weight concentrated amidships versus weight concentrated toward the ends • Verify which loading condition corresponds to hogging vs sagging and match that to bottom tension.