🔍 Key Concepts

• Heat transfer in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (how steam pressure/temperature affects heat duty) • Effect of steam pressure on condensate rate and heat output • Consequences of tube leakage (loss of fluid, contamination, reduced effective heating surface)

💭 Think About

• For statement I: If you increase the absolute steam pressure (and therefore saturation temperature), what happens to the temperature difference between steam and the liquid being heated? Would that normally increase or decrease the exchanger’s ability to maintain the designed output? • For statement II: If the tubes in a heat exchanger are leaking, how would that affect the amount of clean heated liquid you can deliver? Think about loss of product, contamination, or bypassing of heat transfer surfaces. • Ask yourself: Which of these conditions would most likely cause the exchanger to fail to maintain the designed quantity of properly heated liquid, and which might actually help or have little negative effect?

✅ Before You Answer

• For statement I, verify that higher steam pressure usually means higher steam temperature, which tends to increase the driving temperature difference for heat transfer. • For statement II, consider that leaking tubes reduce effective heating surface and can cause mixing or loss of the process liquid, which can reduce the usable heated output. • Double-check whether the question is about quantity of properly heated liquid output, not just temperature change or heat transfer rate in isolation.