🔍 Key Concepts

• Series DC motor torque-speed characteristics (what happens to torque when speed is very low) • Behavior of series DC motors at startup compared to other DC motors • Meaning of speed regulation under varying loads and how series motors behave when load changes

💭 Think About

• Think about what happens to current in a series DC motor when the shaft is initially at rest and how that affects torque. • Consider whether a series DC motor is preferred in applications like traction or winches where strong starting performance is needed. • Ask yourself: as the load on a series DC motor decreases, what happens to its speed? Does it stay nearly constant or change a lot?

✅ Before You Answer

• Recall that in a series DC motor, the armature and field windings are in series, so they carry the same current. • Connect high current at low speed / startup with the resulting torque produced by the motor. • For speed regulation, verify whether a small change or large change in speed occurs when load varies; good regulation means small change, poor regulation means large change.