🔍 Key Concepts

• Hydraulic cushioning at the end of a cylinder stroke and what it is designed to do • Effect of a too-restricted vs too-free oil exhaust path during cushioning • Role of the cushion adjustment needle valve in controlling end-of-stroke speed

💭 Think About

• Think about what should normally happen when cushioning works correctly as the piston nears the end of its stroke. How should the piston slow down? • If the piston first slows abruptly, then only creeps very slowly to the end, does that sound like oil is escaping too easily or being held back too much? • Which component in the options directly controls how easily oil escapes from the cushion chamber at the end of the stroke?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which choice(s) involve a change in flow restriction of the exhaust oil from the cushion chamber • Decide whether the described behavior indicates excessive restriction (too much backpressure) or insufficient restriction (too little backpressure) • Confirm which option best matches a condition where the piston is made to creep very slowly because oil cannot exit the cushion space fast enough