🔍 Key Concepts

• Dead reckoning (DR) is the process of advancing a known position using only course and speed through the water • A DR position does NOT include the effects of current (set and drift) or leeway • Standard piloting practice often ties DR plotting to how and when you obtain fixes (accurate positions)

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: What is the definition of a DR position in basic navigation? Does it include or exclude outside forces like current? • Which of these choices describes a procedure or rule of thumb commonly taught for maintaining an up‑to‑date DR track relative to fixes? • Look for the option that best matches how navigators keep their DR plot organized whenever they get a new observed position.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify whether set and drift are part of DR or part of an estimated position (EP) • Check which answer describes when a DR track is re‑started or advanced relative to each new position fix • Eliminate any option that adds requirements to DR that are not part of its core definition in basic coastal navigation.