🔍 Key Concepts

• Hydraulic pump configurations: duplex vs parallel vs two-stage vs combined • How flow paths and pressure controls are drawn in hydraulic symbols • Difference between pumps that share a common discharge line (parallel) and pumps that operate in different pressure stages

💭 Think About

• Look at the two round pump symbols in the center: do they both draw from the same suction and discharge into the same line, or does one feed into the other? What does that suggest about the type of unit? • Follow the solid lines versus the dashed lines. Do the dashed lines indicate control or sequencing that would make one pump come on only after a certain pressure is reached? • Compare how the Main Pump and Sub System Pump are labeled. Are they shown as equal units serving the same system, or does one clearly serve a different system or function?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify whether the two central pumps are arranged in series (outlet of one into inlet of the other) or in parallel (both outlets into the same header). • Check if there is any symbol that clearly shows pressure‑controlled changeover between a low‑pressure/high‑flow stage and a high‑pressure/low‑flow stage. • Confirm whether the diagram shows one integrated package serving both main system and sub system, or two completely separate pump units.