🔍 Key Concepts

• transverse stability and how weight distribution affects it • the free surface effect of liquids in tanks and how it changes metacentric height (GM) • the difference between pressed up (full) tanks, empty tanks, and partially filled tanks

💭 Think About

• Think about when liquid in a tank can move around the most and how that affects the vessel’s tendency to roll back upright. • Consider which tank condition gives you the least free surface effect: completely full, completely empty, or partly full? • Ask yourself which option would reduce the negative impact of free surface, rather than make it worse.

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which answer choices would increase free surface effect and which would reduce it. • Check which tank condition (full, half full, or empty) provides the smallest free surface area. • Make sure the option you pick is consistent with the goal: improving stability, not convenience or tank management.