You are on a voyage from San Diego, CA to New York, NY. The distance from pilot to pilot is 4860 miles. The speed of advance is 15.0 knots. You estimate 18 hours for bunkering at Colon, and 14 hours for the Panama Canal transit. If you take departure at 0836 hours (ZD +7), 4 July, what is your ETA (ZD +4) at New York?
• Speed = Distance / Time relationship and solving for time of voyage • Adding delays in port and canal transit to sea passage time • Converting between time zones (ZD +7 to ZD +4) and calendar dates when crossing midnight
• First, ignore all delays and time zones: how many hours will it take to travel 4860 miles at a speed of advance of 15.0 knots? • After you find the sea passage time in hours, add the bunkering and canal transit times. What is the total elapsed time from departure to arrival, in hours and days? • From your departure date/time at ZD +7, move forward by the total elapsed time, then convert that result to ZD +4. Does the clock time move earlier or later when going from +7 to +4?
• Be sure to use speed of advance (SOA), not some other speed, when calculating time for the 4860-mile run. • Convert all times to hours when adding (don’t try to mix days and hours before you finish the total). • When converting zones, carefully apply the 3-hour difference between ZD +7 and ZD +4 in the correct direction, then check which answer choices match your final day and time.
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