🔍 Key Concepts

• MARPOL 73/78 Annex I requirements for oil tankers • Purpose and validity period of the International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate • Difference between a Certificate of Inspection (domestic) and international MARPOL certificates

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself which document specifically proves compliance with MARPOL Annex I for an oil tanker trading internationally, and how long that document normally remains valid. • Consider whether international certificates are completely renewed at every inspection, or whether there is a full-term certificate with intermediate/renewal surveys. • Think about whether the cargoes listed or authorized on a certificate affect its legal validity, or simply restrict what operations the ship can conduct while remaining in compliance.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify in MARPOL Annex I what the normal maximum validity period is for an IOPP Certificate. • Confirm whether a Certificate of Inspection is a U.S. domestic document or an international pollution-prevention certificate under MARPOL. • Check if carrying cargoes not authorized on a certificate automatically makes the certificate itself invalid, or instead means the ship is not operating in accordance with that certificate.