🔍 Key Concepts

• Orographic effects – how mountains and hills force air to rise • Difference between heating-caused rising air and terrain-caused rising air • How sloping terrain affects airflow direction and altitude

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: Is the air rising mainly because the ground is sloped upward, or because the air itself is being heated from below? • Which term is most directly related to mountains or hills forcing air upward? • Which options describe a cause of vertical motion, and which are just a description of motion itself?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option clearly refers to terrain or mountains in its name or concept. • Eliminate any choice that mainly describes air being lifted by surface heating alone. • Make sure the chosen term describes mechanical lifting by the land’s slope, not just general upward motion.