🔍 Key Concepts

• Cargo securing on Ro-Ro vessels (roll-on/roll-off) and why vehicle lashings are needed • How ship motion in a seaway (pitch, roll, heave) affects forces on cargo lashings • Effects of environmental and loading conditions (temperature changes, trim, stability) on lashing performance

💭 Think About

• Think about what could change the tension or effectiveness of lashings on vehicles and trailers during a voyage. • Consider how the vessel’s own behavior at sea might increase or decrease the forces acting on the lashings. • Ask yourself whether lashing requirements are influenced by only one type of factor (like weather) or by several different conditions working together.

✅ Before You Answer

• Check which options relate to ship motion and characteristics that can increase dynamic forces on cargo. • Check which options involve environmental conditions that could change lashing tension or material properties over time. • Check whether trim and loading condition can alter how the ship moves and therefore the loads on the lashings.