When a fuel oil tank is being topped off during bunkering operations, the tank valve should be closed __________.
⢠Bunkering operations safety procedures ⢠Effects of closing a valve too fast on liquid in a pipeline (water hammer/surge)** ⢠Proper sequence of shutting down: valves vs. pumps/shore supply
⢠What happens inside the pipeline and tank if you close a valve very suddenly while liquid is still being pumped at a high rate? ⢠In a normal, safe bunkering shutdown, which should generally happen first: stopping the flow at the source or closing the receiving tankās final valve tight? ⢠Why do we care about surge stresses or āhammerā in fuel lines when loading a nearly full tank?
⢠Consider how surge pressure (water hammer) is created and how to reduce it. ⢠Think about the order of operations when stopping bunkering: communication with shore, pump shutdown, then valve positions. ⢠Ask whether the purpose of the vent/pressureāvacuum valve is to let gas escape safely, not to trap it.
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