🔍 Key Concepts

• Bunkering operations safety procedures • Effects of closing a valve too fast on liquid in a pipeline (water hammer/surge)** • Proper sequence of shutting down: valves vs. pumps/shore supply

💭 Think About

• What happens inside the pipeline and tank if you close a valve very suddenly while liquid is still being pumped at a high rate? • In a normal, safe bunkering shutdown, which should generally happen first: stopping the flow at the source or closing the receiving tank’s final valve tight? • Why do we care about surge stresses or ‘hammer’ in fuel lines when loading a nearly full tank?

✅ Before You Answer

• Consider how surge pressure (water hammer) is created and how to reduce it. • Think about the order of operations when stopping bunkering: communication with shore, pump shutdown, then valve positions. • Ask whether the purpose of the vent/pressure‑vacuum valve is to let gas escape safely, not to trap it.