🔍 Key Concepts

• Waterplane area as part of ship stability and hydrostatics • Use of numerical integration methods when curves/sections are irregular • Recognizing which listed options is actually a numerical rule for approximating areas

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: when naval architects have a set of offsets or ordinates across the beam, which mathematical process do they use to estimate the total area? • Which of these choices is specifically known for approximating areas under curves or across irregular shapes? • Which options are clearly NOT area-approximation methods used in hydrostatics?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which option is a numerical integration rule used to find areas from a series of equally spaced values. • Eliminate any choice that relates to triangles or right-angle geometry only, not full irregular areas. • Eliminate any choice that is linked to dimensionless flow parameters (fluid dynamics) rather than static area calculations.