🔍 Key Concepts

• Zener breakdown voltage and how it’s specified by manufacturers • Typical commercial Zener diode voltage range used for regulation and reference circuits • Difference between low-voltage signal diodes and Zener/reference diodes

💭 Think About

• Which option best reflects the wide range of voltages that designers might need Zener diodes for, from low-voltage logic protection up to higher-voltage regulation? • Look at the upper end of each choice: which maximum voltage sounds realistic for standard Zener diodes you’d actually buy from a catalog? • Think about whether Zener diodes are commonly used at extremely high voltages in normal electronic circuits, or if they’re more common in low-to-moderate voltage applications.

✅ Before You Answer

• Check which answer includes both low-voltage values (a few volts) and reasonably high voltages used in power supplies or regulation. • Eliminate any choice whose upper voltage limit seems unrealistically low or unrealistically high for common Zener diodes. • Verify that the range you pick could realistically be found in a standard component datasheet (not a special high-voltage device).