🔍 Key Concepts

• Difference between trim, list, and heel • How wind or seas (external forces) affect a vessel vs. how internal loading affects it • Drafts measured on port and starboard sides

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: when you compare port and starboard drafts, are you thinking about the ship’s fore‑and‑aft condition or side‑to‑side condition? • Which term describes a vessel’s condition caused primarily by loading (cargo, ballast, fuel) versus a condition caused mainly by external forces like wind and waves? • Which of these terms would change quickly if the wind stopped or the seas calmed down?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear whether the question is about fore‑and‑aft draft difference or side‑to‑side draft difference • Identify which term is typically permanent or semi‑permanent (from loading) versus temporary (from external forces) • Focus on the phrase “due to the wind or seas” and match it with the correct concept