🔍 Key Concepts

• Identify what typical components are used in a rectifier, a filter, a voltage transformer, and a voltage regulator • Notice which section (A, B, C, or D) actually contains the diodes that convert AC to DC • Think about what an inductor (L1) and capacitor (C1) together usually do to a pulsating DC waveform coming from a rectifier

💭 Think About

• Look at the waveform at TP3 and then at TP4: how does the shape change, and what circuit action would cause that change? • Which block (A–D) changes the shape from AC to pulsating DC, and which block smooths that pulsating DC? • Ask yourself: does section C primarily step voltage up/down, convert AC to DC, smooth ripple, or hold the output at a constant level?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify which section has the transformer symbol and match that to the ‘voltage transformer’ option • Verify which section has diodes forming a rectifier bridge or full‑wave rectifier and compare with the ‘rectifier’ option • Confirm that section C uses L1 and C1 and determine whether their main job here is to filter/smooth or to regulate voltage