🔍 Key Concepts

• common carrier obligations under shipping law • difference between scheduled / advertised services and on-demand or charter services • who must publish or file tariffs so shippers can see rates in advance

💭 Think About

• Which type of carrier is legally bound to offer service to the public at established, non-discriminatory rates? • Which types of carriers operate more privately by voyage or charter and typically negotiate rates individually? • For tariffs to be useful to shippers, which carrier type must make its rates publicly known and standardized?

✅ Before You Answer

• Make sure you know the definition of a common carrier versus a tramp or bulk carrier • Ask whether a public vessel normally carries commercial freight for hire • Check which carrier type must have published, filed freight rates available to all shippers on equal terms