🔍 Key Concepts

• cooling vs. smothering as methods of fire extinguishment • typical fixed firefighting systems on tank vessels (cargo tanks vs. deck structures) • which agent is available in the greatest quantity for boundary cooling

💭 Think About

• Which choice is primarily used to absorb heat and cool metal structures around cargo tanks, rather than displacing oxygen? • On a loaded tank vessel, what system can be used continuously over large areas such as decks, bulkheads, and tank tops? • Which agents in the options are mainly used for inerting/smothering inside enclosed spaces, not for large-scale cooling of exposed structures?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which options are mainly smothering agents (removing oxygen) versus cooling agents (removing heat). • Consider which agent a tanker can store and pump in very large quantities for extended firefighting and boundary cooling. • Ask: For protecting tanks, bulkheads, and decks from heat to prevent spread or tank rupture, which of these systems is most practical to operate for a long time?