🔍 Key Concepts

• Transverse framing vs longitudinal framing – which direction are most of the stiffeners running? • What characterizes the Isherwood system of framing in ship construction? • Difference between a general longitudinal system and specific named systems like Isherwood.

💭 Think About

• Look closely at the bottom and side shell: are the stiffeners more closely spaced in the fore‑and‑aft direction or running athwartships? What does that usually indicate about the framing system? • In this view, are the heavy members spaced widely with many smaller members attached, or are all members about the same size and spacing? How does that relate to named framing systems? • Ask yourself: is the question probably asking for the general orientation of the framing, or for the specific proprietary/named system shown in the illustration?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify the primary direction of the majority of stiffeners (bottom and side shell) in the illustration. • Note whether there are large widely spaced web frames with many lighter members in between – a key feature of one specific system. • Before choosing, be sure you can explain to yourself in one sentence why this picture is not the other three options.