Sufficient portable drive heads for a crude oil washing system must be provided in order to avoid one head being used during the tank washing procedure more than __________.
• Crude Oil Washing (COW) requirements under MARPOL Annex I • Purpose of portable drive heads in a COW system • Why repeated use of the same drive head during one washing program can increase mechanical and safety risk
• Think about why regulations want more than one portable drive head available. What problem are they trying to prevent during a washing cycle? • Consider how many times a single mechanical unit should reasonably be relied on in one full tank washing program before the risk of failure or overheating becomes too high. • Ask yourself: If one drive head fails mid‑operation, how would the required number of portable drive heads limit the amount of re-use of any single head?
• Check MARPOL/industry guidance on maximum permitted re-use of a single portable drive head during one tank washing program. • Verify how many spare/standby drive heads are recommended or required so that no single head is over‑used. • Confirm that the intent is to avoid a single point of failure in the COW system by limiting repeated use of one head.
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