In astern towing, a tow span, also called the "tow bar" or "towing arch", is used to __________.
insure that the hawser leads directly aft as it passes over the stern of the towing vessel
prevent fouling of the hawser on deck gear located on the stern of the towing vessel
increase the stability of the towing vessel by raising the hawser off the deck
reduce chafing of the towing hawser
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