🔍 Key Concepts

• conduction – how heat moves through solids that are in direct contact • convection – how heat moves when a fluid (air or liquid) circulates • radiation – how heat moves by electromagnetic waves, even through empty space

💭 Think About

• For each listed process, ask yourself: is this a recognized method by which heat energy can move from a hotter place to a cooler place? • Think of examples on a vessel: a hot engine block heating nearby metal, hot air rising in an engine room, and the way you feel heat from the sun on deck. • Consider whether the question is asking for one specific process or whether more than one of these processes are valid modes of heat transfer.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify that you understand the basic definition of each listed term, not just one of them. • Check whether any option listed is not a heat transfer process but instead describes something else entirely. • Before choosing, ask: in physics/thermodynamics, how many fundamental ways are there for heat to be transferred?