🔍 Key Concepts

• free surface effect and how water on deck or in a compartment affects stability • difference between KG (height of center of gravity) and list (leaning to one side) • what happens when water accumulates in a low compartment like a ballast pumproom

💭 Think About

• When you spray large amounts of water into an enclosed space low in the rig, where does that water go if it cannot drain easily? • How would water collecting on one side versus evenly across the bottom affect heel, trim, or KG? • Which choice describes a stability effect that is actually negative for safety, rather than something that might even improve stability?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which options describe a change in stability condition (list/heel, GM, KG) versus changes in tank contents or compartment characteristics. • Think about whether adding weight low down usually helps or hurts overall stability. • Consider which effect would be immediate and dangerous during an actual fire-fighting evolution in a low compartment.