🔍 Key Concepts

• Crude Oil Washing (COW) purpose and benefits compared to traditional water washing • Typical advantages of crude oil washing: tank cleanliness, reduced residue, reduced water pollution • What extra operational demands crude oil washing places on the crew and procedures

💭 Think About

• Look at each option and ask yourself: does this describe something crude oil washing was invented to SOLVE, or something it might actually MAKE HARDER or RISKIER? • Think about whether crude oil is a better or worse solvent for oil residues than water – how does that affect options about cleaning ability and residue buildup? • Consider what crude oil washing does to the amount of cargo left on board versus water washing – would it normally increase or decrease retained oil cargo?

✅ Before You Answer

• For each wrong choice, you should be able to say: "This is actually an advantage of crude oil washing, not a disadvantage." • Verify which choice refers to crew workload / procedures rather than to physical cleaning performance. • Make sure your selected choice matches something that would increase operational complexity or risk, not something crude oil washing was specifically designed to improve.