🔍 Key Concepts

• Rule 19 – Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility • Difference between what the Rules require vs. recommended good seamanship • Specific actions required when a fog signal is heard forward of the beam

💭 Think About

• For each option, ask: does Rule 19 actually say this exact action is mandatory, or is it stated differently? • Compare the wording in the answers with the wording in Rule 19(b), (d), and (e). Which choice adds a requirement that is not in the Rule? • Think about what the vessel must do upon hearing a fog signal forward of the beam versus what she must do when she cannot avoid a close-quarters situation.

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify the exact language of Rule 19(e) about hearing a fog signal forward of the beam. • Check whether Rule 19 says a vessel shall stop her engines, or instead uses different language about speed and course alterations. • Confirm that radar-detected close-quarters situations in Rule 19(b) and (d) require early and substantial avoiding action.