🔍 Key Concepts

• Static electricity buildup when transferring different products • Difference between flammable liquids, fuel oil, and dry bulk cargo • Purpose of bonding and grounding cables on vessels

💭 Think About

• Which type of transfer is most likely to create static charges that could ignite vapors? • In which option are flammable vapors most likely to be present in an explosive mixture with air? • When is bonding specifically required by safety standards: with dry solids, non‑volatile fuel in a closed system, or volatile products exposed to air?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which cargo or fluid is classified as a flammable liquid with ignitable vapors • Consider whether the transfer operation is open to atmosphere or in a closed, hard‑piped system • Recall that bonding cables are used to equalize electrical potential between objects to prevent a spark across a gap