🔍 Key Concepts

• List vs. loll – what is the difference between a permanent list and an unstable loll? • GM (metacentric height) and rolling period – how does a vessel’s rolling period change when GM is large, small, or negative? • Transverse weight distribution – what happens if weights are not evenly distributed port to starboard?

💭 Think About

• If a vessel has a normal rolling period, what does that say about the size and sign (positive/negative) of GM? • What physical situation would cause a vessel to lean permanently to one side while still being otherwise stable in roll? • Which options describe changes in the ship’s inherent stability characteristics (KM, GM) versus a simple shift in where the weight is located athwartships (side to side)?

✅ Before You Answer

• Verify what a normal rolling period indicates about GM (is it large, small, or about normal, and is it positive or negative?). • Check which option describes a condition that would create a permanent list to one side while keeping GM positive and rolling behavior normal. • Eliminate any options that would imply the vessel is unstable or neutrally stable, which would not match a vessel that rolls normally.