🔍 Key Concepts

• fuel atomization and air–fuel mixing inside a diesel cylinder • how combustion efficiency affects engine performance (smoke, temperature, power) • what actually controls fuel pressure in an injection system

💭 Think About

• If the spray pattern is distorted, what happens to how well the fuel mixes with the air and burns? Think about whether that would increase or decrease useful work from the cylinder. • Which of the listed effects is most directly linked to poor combustion in the cylinder, rather than to pump settings or fuel system hardware condition? • Ask yourself: does a distorted spray pattern change the system pressure, or mainly how the fuel burns once it’s already in the cylinder?

✅ Before You Answer

• Be clear on what creates injection pressure (pump and injector design, not spray shape). • Think about which option is a performance symptom of poor combustion quality (incomplete burning, misfiring). • Consider which options are more likely to come from mechanical damage or contamination of parts rather than just an incorrect spray pattern.