🔍 Key Concepts

• Meaning of contract of affreightment in shipping law • Difference between a document of title and a list/record of cargo • Which documents actually create the legal carriage contract between shipper and carrier

💭 Think About

• Ask yourself: which of these documents is normally signed by the carrier and used as evidence of the contract to carry goods by sea? • Which option is mainly a financial or security instrument rather than a carriage contract? • Which options are just summaries or rosters of cargo or crew, and not in themselves the contract of carriage?

✅ Before You Answer

• Identify which document serves as evidence of the contract of carriage between shipper and carrier • Eliminate any option that is only a cargo list or summary, not a contract • Eliminate any option that is mainly a financing or security instrument on the ship or voyage